Shooting an Elephant

 Shooting an Elephant

George Orwell (1903-1950)

About the writer George Orwell was born in Bengal to British parents. He went to Burma (today known as Myanmar)and served five years in the Imperial Police. In the late 19th century, Burma was annexed piece by piece to British India and did not receive limited self-government until 1937. Burma was colonized by British Indian people.

What is in the essay?

The essay 'Shooting an Elephant' is about a tiny incident that gave the writer deeper insight into his fears and the real motives for which despotic government act. He tells how he was relentlessly drawn into a senseless killing to keep himself and the British Empire from looking foolish. It also illustrates a general expository point that imperialism is evil.

Summary

            In Moulmein, in lower Burma, he (the narrator) was hated by large numbers of people. He was a sub-divisional police officer of the town. He was not liked by native people. European woman went through the bazaars alone somebody would probably spite betel juice over her dress. The young Buddhist priests who thousands in numbers used to jeer at Europeans.

            Despite native people's hate, he was all for the Burmese and all against their oppressors, the British. As for the job he was doing, he hated it more bitterly than he can make perhaps clear. He had already made up his mind that imperialism was an evil thing.

            One day something happened which in a roundabout way was enlightening. It was a tiny incident in itself, but it gave him a better glimpse than he had before of the real nature of imperialism --the real motives for which despotic governments act.

            Early one morning the sub-inspector at a police station the other end of the town rang him up on the phone and said that an elephant was ravaging the bazaar. It had gone" must", it had already destroyed somebody's bamboo hut, killed a cow and raided some fruit stalls, turned the municipal rubbish van over, and inflicted acts of violence upon it. It was a terrifying situation for people. An Indian, black Dravidian collie was killed.

            He was urged by two thousand or more people to control the elephant and create a peaceful environment in the village. thousand people were following behind him. He had no intention of shooting the elephant, he had a rifle to defend himself. He could feel their two thousand wills pressing him .the Whitman with his gun, standing in front of the unarmed native crowd, in reality, he was only an absurd puppet pushed to and fro by the will of those yellow faces behind. A sahib has got to act like a sahib.  Done nothing, the crowd would laugh at him. And his whole life, every white man's life in the East was one long struggle not to be laughed at. But he did not want to shoot the elephant.

            He thought a white man mustn't be frightened in front of natives and so, in general, he is not frightened. The sole thought in his mind was that if anything went wrong those two thousand Burmans would see him as treacherous, catch him, and may kill him like an Indian up the hill. then he found no alternative than to shoot the elephant. When he shot the elephant, it sagged flabbily to his knees. His mouth slobbered,(to let saliva drop). At the second shoot, he did not collapse but climbed with desperate slowness to his feet and stood weakly upright, he shot the third time then it fell. The narrator got up. Burmans were already racing past across the mud. It was obvious that the elephant would never rise again.

            Afterward, there were endless discussions about the shooting of the elephant. The owner was furious, but he was only an Indian and could do nothing. Besides legally he had done the right thing. The old men said he was right and young said it was a damn shame to shoot an elephant for killing a collie because an elephant was worth more than any damn collie. He had done it to avoid looking a fool

The Elephant Symbol

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Theme Wheel

 

The elephant is the central symbol of the story. Orwell uses it to represent the effect of colonialism on both the colonizer and the colonized. The elephant, like a colonized populace, has its liberty restricted, and it becomes violently rebellious only as a response to being shackled. Orwell, a colonizer, feels a similar ambivalence towards the elephant as he does towards the Burmese locals. While he recognizes that both are harmless and peaceful and have suffered wrongs at the hands of others, he still perpetuates barbarous treatment of both, simply in order to uphold an irrational standard of imperial behavior. He kills the elephant simply because he fears that he would be humiliated if he failed to do so. In much the same way, colonial savagery perpetuates itself simply because colonists fear that they would look weak or ridiculous if they acted less inhumanely. Orwell further humanizes the elephant by referring to it throughout the story with the pronoun “he,” rather than “it.”

Orwell uses his experience of shooting an elephant as a metaphor for his experience with the institution of colonialism. He writes that the encounter with the elephant gave him insight into “the real motives for which despotic governments act.” Killing the elephant as it peacefully eats grass is indisputably an act of barbarism—one that symbolizes the barbarity of colonialism as a whole. The elephant’s rebelliousness does not justify Orwell’s choice to kill it. Rather, its rampage is a result of a life spent in captivity—Orwell explains that “tame elephants always are [chained up] when their attack of “must” is due.” Similarly, the sometimes-violent disrespect that British like Orwell receive from locals is a justified consequence of the restraints the colonial regime imposes on its subjects. Moreover, just as Orwell knows he should not harm the elephant, he knows that the locals do not deserve to be oppressed and subjugated. Nevertheless, he ends up killing the elephant and dreams of harming insolent Burmese, simply because he fears being laughed at by the Burmese if he acts any other way. By showing how the conventions of colonialism force him to behave barbarically for no reason beyond the conventions themselves, Orwell illustrates that “when the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys. (LItchats.com)

Q.N.1.What thesis about "the real nature of imperialism" does Orwell prove by narrating this "tiny incident"?

Q.N.2. Why did he really shoot the elephant?

Q.N.3 Critically analyze the text "Shooting an Elephant".

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